A decision by the U.S. District Court with jurisdiction in South Florida has spotlighted some sage ADA advice: Don’t be a jerk if you can avoid it. Xentel, a charity fundraising firm, hired disabled veteran Mark Lerman to work in its call center. Lerman uses a wheelchair. On his first day at work, Lerman found the firm’s restrooms weren’t fully wheelchair accessible ...

Q. We recently heard from a co-worker that an employee (“Mike”) seemed to be having some health issues. Mike hasn’t said anything to his supervisor or anyone else as far as we know. What can we say?

The ADA requires HR and employers to maintain strict confidentiality on any medical- or disability-related information. That means keeping it in a separate, secure file, away from prying eyes that have no business viewing the information. But confidentiality doesn’t apply just to paper or electronic records. Employers also have to make sure they don’t discuss such information with those who don’t need to know.

Some disabled employees believe that their disabilities excuse them from following the workplace rules other employees have to abide by. That’s not true.

Under the ADA, employers are obligated to make reasonable accommodations. Those accommodations may include transfer to an open position for which the employee is qualified. Failing to do so may attract EEOC attention.

The ADA requires employers to try to find reasonable accommodations so disabled employees can perform the essential functions of their jobs. It’s up to employers to determine which functions are essential. Courts rarely second-guess employers that follow a few simple rules when a disabled employee challenges the employer’s list of essential functions. The factors courts consider are:

Disabled employees are entitled to reasonable accommodations of their disabilities under California’s Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA). That includes the obligation to engage in an interactive process to determine what, if any, accommodation is possible. If the process breaks down, employers that acted in good faith won’t be held responsible.

Q. Can an employer ask a job applicant whether he or she can meet the company’s attendance policy?

You may be naturally disinclined to rehire a former employee who was off work for years because of an on-the-job injury. But that could be a big legal mistake, especially since he is now disabled.

Employers frequently worry that if they discharge a disabled employee, they will be sued for disability discrimination even if they had a good reason for terminating the employee. That’s because disabled employees may claim their disability was a motivating factor in the decision. Until recently, that was enough to win at least a partial victory in court. Fortunately, that’s no longer the case.

You just can’t satisfy some employees. They’ll always find something to complain about. But if supervisors keep their cool and hold employees to the rules, chances are a disgruntled employee won’t get far with a lawsuit.

Good news for employers! The U.S. Supreme Court issued a landmark decision whose positive impact on employers is just being felt. The decision—Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc., (129 S. Ct. 2343, 2009)—involved an employee who alleged that his reassignment to a new position constituted a demotion that was improperly motivated by his age. That would have violated the ADEA.

Employees who suffer from an impaired ability to become pregnant are disabled under the ADA. Since childbearing is a major life activity, conditions that interfere with it qualify as disabilities. That means that employees who are infertile or have low fertility may be entitled to time off as a reasonable accommodation.

Employers are obligated to engage in an interactive accommodations process when disabled employees request an accommodation and one is possible. But if you’re confident it’s not possible to accommodate the disabled worker—that he would never be able to perform the job’s essential functions—then you don’t have to go through the motions.

If you have several disabled employees receiving reasonable accommodations, be careful to treat all of them fairly and equitably. While each disability is different and the ADA requires accommodations to take into account those differences, you must still be careful not to give some disabled employees better accommodations than others.